Анастасия Калинкина

TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL TERRITORIES

Saint-Petersburg is one of the main industrial centers of Russia. During more than 300 years of history of Saint-Petersburg industry have been indispensable part of not only the whole city, but also the economy. In the era of erecting the city central part was designed with residential buildings, and industrial sites were placed in the suburbs. With expansion of the city limited along the perimeter with manufacturing districts, the territories weren’t enough due to this fact residential quarters were placed outside the industrial circle. Thus, The Grey Belt was appeared. Nowadays the great part of industrial districts of The Grey Belt are unusable for exploitation, a lot of buildings and constructions located in their territory are in disrepair and cannot be used as intended. Some production areas do not have owners. Former industrial territories are being emptied and becoming magnet for the attraction of marginal and social strata of society. Thereby, The Grey Belt today is ring of depressive and degrading territories enveloping the historical center of the city. In the condition of deficit of land plots within city such territories are reserve for further development of the city. The rich history of the territories, cultural heritage sites and adventurous geopolitical location relatively city center are distinguished characteristics these territories in virtue of which quarters are created with the unique genius of the place, and industry that poses a threat for the environment, is taken out of the city. The selected area, located within The Grey Belt of Saint-Petersburg, include territories of The Machine building plant «Arsenal», The Machine building plant «Phoenix», the factory « Red Vyborzhets», the prison «Croses» and pre-trial detention center №5 of Russia in Saint-Petersburg. The main concept of the project is placing an interuniversity campus with residential, sport, educational, science and administrative areas on the selected territory. The dormitories organize accommodation for students, families without / with children who а university students, as well as visiting foreign and non-resident teachers. It is proposed to place a study area for the faculties of architecture, design, mathematics, computer science, electronics, and radio engineering at the HSE on the campus. The choice of the university is based on the state project 5-100, according to which five universities out of the proposed 21st from the Russian Federation until 2020 were supposed to enter the TOP-100 in international rankings of higher education around the world. From St. Petersburg, this list includes three universities: St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University and the Higher School of Economics. The first two universities already know how to form their territories for academic campuses or campuses, and unlike them, the HSE is a relatively young and promising university. There are a small number of HSE faculties in St. Petersburg, but the demand for studying at this university is quite high due to the high level of education. HSE is in the top 3 Russian universities, which are currently included in the world rankings for individual programs along with Moscow State University, and also ranks 31st in the QS ranking of the youngest universities. In addition, the location of the research zone with the Art & Science Research Institute is proposed, in which not only students and teachers of the campus, but also local residents work and study. On the territory of the Arsenal plant, which according to the concept is also transferred outside the city, creative spaces will be located: a museum of contemporary art, design centers and laboratories, craft towns, specialized creative stores, a modern theater, food courts and co-working spaces, and the existing museum of the Arsenal plant will also be expanded. In the west of the territory, the functional zoning will be preserved, according to which the territory is a railway zone, a new complex of buildings for the railway is proposed, which includes administrative buildings and offices. To the north of the creative spaces is a residential area so that the area is used throughout the day and does not become abandoned over time. All production and industrial functions that do not have an impact on the environment will be moved to dense development from the north of Komsomol Street and separated from residential development from the west by administrative and business buildings. All preserved industries are light industry and belong to the IV class of danger - a sanitary protection zone from enterprises of 50 meters. Since the selected territory is located in the Gray Belt of St. Petersburg, public and business buildings will be located on the periphery of the territory. Since the concept proposes the demolition of a large part of administrative and office buildings that do not carry historical and cultural value, these functions are transferred to new administrative and business zones on the periphery, which, in addition to accommodating existing organizations, involve the creation of new business centers with rental premises, technology parks, business - incubators, laboratories and innovation centers. This proposal is of practical importance. By creating a student campus on the territory, the time spent by young people will significantly increase, the process of rejuvenating residents by attracting young people will take place, conditions will be created for the development of students' creative abilities, demand and supply for job creation will increase, and the territory will be able to develop in accordance with modern trends. In addition, the implementation of this project will contribute to an increase in the flow of both foreign students and tourists to the city, the quality of life of dormitory residents will increase, and more attention will be paid to the improvement of the urban environment of the region. There will also be positive economic effects on the project site: attracting investment flows both to the student campus and to creative spaces; increase in cash flows at the level of the district and the city as a whole; development of entrepreneurial activities within the boundaries of the campus; improving the quality of social, transport, innovation, tourism, market and economic infrastructures in the region; increasing the city's turnover with the help of enterprises on campus. Thus, the project proposal solves a number of problems by: 1. Transfer of production facilities with hazard classes 1 and 2, worsening the environmental situation, outside; 2. Improving the quality of social, transport, tourism, innovation, sports infrastructures;3. Reconstruction and renovation of OKN, as well as buildings and structures of historical and cultural value; Demolition of industrial and storage facilities that are of no value; 4. Development of the territory as a large space for people by eliminating closed areas fenced with fences and barbed wire; 5. Increasing the percentage of residential areas, and, as a result, the time of permanent stay of users on the territory; 6. Improving the quality of landscaping of the site in question; 7. Landscaping of the territory through the creation of linear landscaping of streets, organization of squares, landscaping of the roof and yard landscaping; 8. Application of a green roof system that reduces flooding during heavy rains, reduces the effect of a heat island and air pollution;9. Creation of a network of cycle paths on the territory itself and its connection to the existing one; Use of bike paths in winter as ski trails; 10. Placing a greater share of cars in underground parking lots, which ensures a reduction in traffic flows on intra-block and fire roads, improving the quality of the environment and increasing safety for pedestrians. In addition, the potential of the territory is fully revealed due to: 1. Creation of a student campus in the liberated territory as a driver for the development of the education sector both in the design area and in the city as a whole. Improving the position of domestic education in the international arena by improving the quality of the student environment for residents of hostels, students and teachers by creating a residential, educational, working and leisure environment that meets not only standards, but the needs of students;2. Rejuvenation of the demographic fund of the territory by placing a student campus on it; 3. Increasing the flow of tourists through the development of the advantages of the territory: • Strengthening the historicity of the territory through the reconstruction and renovation of cultural heritage sites, preservation of existing artifacts and unique objects, red-brick buildings and structures, placement of new art objects and objects referring to the history of the territory; • Creation of a creative quarter in close proximity to the metro, railway station, as well as public transport stops; • Attracting foreign and non-resident teachers to the campus; • Creation of connected walking directions between historical, entertaining, educational, art, recreational objects; 4. Creation of new jobs in the technopark, creative spaces, business centers, student campus, etc.; 5. Creation of a safe approach to the Sverdlovsk embankment by deepening the highway; Creation of a berth and organization of the route of water transport (development of transport infrastructure and strengthening of the connection of the territory with the city).