Tokyo's Nakagin Capsule Tower, Iconic Example of Metabolism Architecture, Set for Demolition

One of Japan's most distinctive works of contemporary architecture, the Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, is set to be demolished on April 12, 2022. The decision brings years of uncertainty surrounding the iconic structure to an end. Once offering a futuristic vision of urban living, the building had fallen into disrepair in recent years.

The Nakagin Capsule Tower is a rare remaining example of Japanese Metabolism, an architectural movement that is emblematic of Japan's postwar cultural resurgence. Completed in 1972, the tower comprises 144 factory-built units arranged around two concrete cores, with each 10-square-meter "capsule" featuring a porthole-style window. Appliances and furniture are built into the structure of each home. Kisho Kurokawa, the architect who designed the tower, intended for the tiny capsules to be replaced every 25 years. 

However, the two-tower structure remains unaltered 49 years after its completion. In 2007, a majority of capsule owners voted to demolish the building and replace it with a larger, more modern tower. Kurokawa proposed a plan to replace the existing boxes with updated units to preserve his design. The plan was supported by the major architectural associations of Japan, including the Japan Institute of Architects. 

However, residents raised concerns over the building's earthquake resistance and inefficient use of valuable property adjacent to the high-value Ginza. Kurokawa passed away in 2007, and a developer for renovation has never been found. In May 2021, the management company of the building voted to sell the complex to the original landowner, reigniting speculation over potential demolition and redevelopment. As of November 2021, the building houses 20 tenants.

An attempt to sell it to a new owner fell through. Architect and former capsule dweller, Akiko Ishimaru, launched the Nakagin Capsule Tower Building A606 Project crowdfunding campaign in May 2021. The campaign aimed to detach and relocate Capsule A606, which she and a small team had restored to its space-age glory while converting it into a functional co-working space.

It is not yet known whether any other capsules will be preserved or recycled. In conclusion, the Nakagin Capsule Tower is an iconic piece of Japanese architecture that represents the postwar cultural resurgence of Japan. Despite Kurokawa's intentions for the capsules to be replaced every 25 years, the tower remained unaltered for nearly 50 years. The decision to demolish the building comes after years of uncertainty surrounding its fate, with concerns raised over its earthquake resistance and inefficient use of a valuable property. 

However, the project to relocate Capsule A606 shows that there is still an interest in preserving the building's legacy.

 

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Image Courtesy @nakagin_capsule_tower 

Image cover: Dick Thomas Johnson